Table 17.—Research and Development Intensity of Nonbank U.S. Parents and MOFA's and of All U.S. Businesses, by Industry, 1994

	U.S. parents		MOFA's		Privately-funded R&D performed by all U.S. companies		Measures of R&D intensity/1/
	Privately-funded R&D expenditures (millions of dollars)	R&D employment (thousands)	Privately-funded R&D expenditures (millions of dollars)	R&D employment (thousands)	R&D expenditures (millions of dollars)	R&D employment (thousands)	Privately-funded R&D expenditures as a percentage of sales/2/			R&D employment as a percentage of total employment/3/
							R&D-performing U.S. parents, 1994	R&D-performing MOFA's, 1994	All R&D-performing U.S. companies, 1993/4/	R&D-performing U.S. parents, 1994	R&D-performing MOFA's, 1994	All R&D-performing U.S. companies, 1993/4/
All industries	79,552	591.2	12,097	92.4	95,521	764.7	3.1	2.2	3.0	5.2	4.6	4.7
Petroleum	1,953	13.2	229	1.3	2,103	11.0	.7	.4	.9	3.2	3.6	2.9
Manufacturing	69,819	490.0	10,147	78.2	67,426	478.2	4.0	2.4	3.4	6.0	4.4	4.5
Food and kindred products	1,260	12.4	264	3.2	1,298	9.4	.6	.5	.5	1.1	1.4	.9
Chemicals and allied products	17,935	106.0	3,119	21.1	16,747	86.5	6.2	3.6	5.9	9.9	6.2	7.3
Industrial chemicals	4,192	24.3	508	3.9	5,274	26.4	3.7	1.8	4.5	6.1	4.3	5.2
Drugs	11,583	63.5	2,109	13.1	9,133	42.3	11.3	6.6	12.2	15.9	9.4	12.1
Other	2,161	18.2	503	4.1	2,340	17.8	3.0	1.9	2.5	6.6	3.7	5.4
Primary metal industries	424	7.8	8	.1	646	4.6	.8	.2	.7	3.2	.5	1.0
Ferrous	119	1.2	2	(*)	272	1.6	.5	.5	.5	1.2	(*)	.6
Nonferrous	305	6.6	5	.1	374	(/S/)	1.0	.2	1.4	4.6	.6	(/S/)
Fabricated metal products	429	4.4	79	.8	920	7.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.8	1.9	1.3
Industrial machinery and equipment	12,443	102.4	2,034	10.5	8,182	97.4	6.0	2.7	4.5	10.1	3.9	8.6
Computer and office equipment	9,749	71.9	1,583	6.3	4,778	65.8	9.3	3.0	9.8	16.8	5.0	24.1
Other	2,692	30.6	451	4.2	3,404	31.6	2.7	2.0	2.6	5.2	2.9	3.7
Electronic and other electric equipment	10,116	66.3	797	9.2	11,285	89.2	5.2	2.7	5.2	7.3	4.3	7.3
Audio, video, and communications equipment	1,858	11.4	178	1.9	3,213	(/S/)	8.6	7.7	9.0	12.0	11.3	(/S/)
Electronic components	6,747	37.3	439	4.8	5,089	28.9	5.7	2.6	7.9	8.0	4.5	8.8
Other	1,511	17.6	180	2.5	2,983	28.8	2.8	1.8	2.5	5.1	2.7	4.3
Tobacco products	(/D/)	.3	26	.5	40	(/S/)	(/D/)	.6	.8	1.2	3.9	(/S/)
Textile products and apparel	74	1.7	20	.3	288	3.1	.4	1.3	.5	.9	3.4	.7
Lumber, wood, furniture, and fixtures	224	1.3	22	.2	248	1.6	.7	.7	.8	.7	1.1	.5
Paper and allied products	1,494	14.2	161	1.3	1,252	10.6	1.7	1.5	1.1	3.5	2.3	1.9
Printing and publishing	154	1.3	6	(*)	309	2.3	.8	.6	1.0	.8	(*)	.8
Rubber and plastic products	775	7.2	250	2.3	1,092	13.0	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.9	3.3	3.4
Stone, clay, and glass products	560	3.9	40	.7	535	5.1	2.4	1.0	1.5	2.7	2.7	2.0
Transportation equipment	18,372	108.1	2,812	23.6	17,063	147.5	4.2	2.7	4.0	6.4	6.7	8.3
Motor vehicles and equipment	13,138	47.9	2,663	21.6	10,652	45.1	4.2	2.6	3.7	5.0	6.4	4.8
Other transportation equipment	5,233	60.2	149	2.0	6,411	(/S/)	4.2	6.1	4.9	8.3	13.2	(/S/)
Instruments and related products	5,295	48.6	451	4.1	7,521	(/S/)	7.4	2.4	7.0	10.0	4.2	(/S/)
Other	(/D/)	4.1	59	.4	n.a.	n.a.	(/D/)	2.1	n.a.	5.6	2.2	n.a.
Wholesale trade	1,385	11.4	1,071	5.2	n.a.	n.a.	1.4	1.6	n.a.	5.5	3.8	n.a.
Durable goods	1,137	9.4	668	3.1	n.a.	n.a.	1.9	1.6	n.a.	6.9	3.4	n.a.
Nondurable goods	248	2.0	402	2.1	n.a.	n.a.	.6	1.5	n.a.	2.8	4.6	n.a.
Services	2,456	43.8	612	6.6	n.a.	n.a.	4.8	8.4	n.a.	7.2	16.7	n.a.
Of which:
Computer and data processing services	2,079	36.9	144	1.9	n.a.	n.a.	9.5	5.1	n.a.	21.4	14.1	n.a.
Engineering and architectural services	86	(/D/)	3	(*)	n.a.	n.a.	4.3	.6	n.a.	3.6	(*)	n.a.
Other/5/	3,940	32.7	38	1.1	n.a.	n.a.	1.1	1.9	n.a.	1.8	4.3	n.a.

D Data suppressed to avoid the disclosure of data of individual companies.

S Data withheld by National Science Foundation because of imputation of more than 50 percent.

1. Comparisons between the research-intensity measures for R&D-performing U.S. parents and MOFA's and all R&D performing U.S. companies should be viewed as approximate; see footnote 30 in text.

2. Sales used to calculate shares exclude sales of companies with no R&D.

3. Employment used to calculate shares excludes employment of companies with no R&D.

4. These shares are calculated from 1994 estimates in National Science Foundation, Research and Development in Industry: 1993, NSF 96-304 (Arlington, VA, 1996). The data cover all R&D-performing U.S. companies, including depository institutions.

5. Consists of retail trade; finance, except depository institutions; insurance; real estate; and other industries.

MOFA Majority-owned foreign affiliate

R&D Research and development