Table 2.1.—Research and Development Expenditures by Performer, Showing Source of Funds

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992
Research and development expenditures, total	13,735	20,343	26,765	36,794	65,185	115,435	127,390	134,880	142,918	153,448	162,818	169,308
Private	11,440	16,026	20,715	28,160	51,587	94,146	103,336	109,042	115,098	123,782	131,774	136,922
By industry	10,606	13,883	17,858	24,124	44,507	83,663	90,898	95,590	100,679	108,246	115,328	119,508
From industry/1/	4,465	6,473	10,425	15,975	31,293	57,839	62,033	67,322	74,293	82,444	91,321	97,296
From Federal Government	6,137	7,406	7,420	8,114	13,155	25,748	28,766	28,153	26,273	25,690	23,898	22,105
From State and local governments	4	4	13	35	59	76	99	115	113	112	109	107
By FFRDC's administered by industry	n.a.	373	473	727	1,277	1,863	2,351	2,538	2,632	2,764	2,722	2,746
From Federal Government	n.a.	373	473	727	1,277	1,863	2,351	2,538	2,632	2,764	2,722	2,746
By private universities and colleges	335	674	987	1,333	2,296	3,398	4,212	4,639	5,044	5,440	5,773	6,169
From industry	16	17	27	47	102	230	303	335	370	400	424	453
From Federal Government	261	558	788	1,030	1,803	2,537	3,093	3,383	3,635	3,882	4,083	4,386
From State and local governments	7	11	24	35	46	73	100	115	128	137	141	136
From private universities and colleges	17	37	63	83	173	297	374	414	464	523	591	631
From other/2/	34	51	85	138	172	261	342	392	447	498	534	563
By FFRDC's administered by private universities and colleges/3/	208	375	462	662	1,380	1,936	2,383	2,585	2,683	2,750	2,849	2,844
From Federal Government	206	375	459	658	1,377	1,919	2,370	2,572	2,672	2,739	2,834	2,827
From other	2	0	3	4	3	17	13	13	11	11	15	17
By FFRDC's administered by private nonprofit institutions	68	202	261	241	476	707	590	567	584	652	740	821
From Federal Government	67	200	248	224	443	657	549	527	543	607	688	764
From other	1	2	13	17	33	50	41	40	41	45	52	57
By other nonprofit institutions/4/	223	519	674	1,073	1,651	2,579	2,902	3,123	3,476	3,930	4,362	4,834
From industry	48	62	92	123	198	356	467	517	587	655	717	752
From Federal Government	107	335	421	687	1,062	1,569	1,624	1,681	1,849	2,133	2,403	2,752
From State and local governments	2	2	4	14	17	19	35	43	39	35	35	35
From other	66	120	157	249	374	635	776	882	1,001	1,107	1,207	1,295
Government	2,295	4,317	6,050	8,634	13,598	21,289	24,054	25,838	27,820	29,666	31,044	32,386
By Federal Government/5/	1,746	3,149	4,170	5,616	8,098	12,513	13,334	14,005	14,818	15,542	15,856	16,340
By State and local governments (excluding universities and colleges)	54	87	176	297	446	613	710	816	866	909	946	991
From Federal Government	26	38	82	131	157	175	140	192	234	245	255	267
From State and local governments	26	47	90	156	274	426	557	611	615	646	672	704
From other	2	2	4	10	15	12	13	13	17	18	19	20
By State and local universities and colleges	335	834	1,411	2,287	4,076	6,432	8,020	8,937	9,973	10,958	11,886	12,740
From industry	23	23	37	73	157	372	507	570	663	752	811	874
From Federal Government	167	545	893	1,405	2,475	3,517	4,242	4,752	5,230	5,666	6,129	6,707
From State and local governments	79	131	205	313	466	718	931	1,015	1,122	1,234	1,336	1,360
From State and local universities and colleges	47	91	191	356	729	1,385	1,827	2,019	2,301	2,577	2,807	2,928
From other/2/	19	44	85	140	249	440	513	581	657	729	803	871
By FFRDC's administered by governments	160	247	293	434	978	1,731	1,990	2,080	2,163	2,257	2,356	2,315
From Federal Government	160	247	293	432	967	1,706	1,971	2,059	2,135	2,226	2,325	2,285
From other	0	0	0	2	11	25	19	21	28	31	31	30

n.a. Not separately available, included in industry.

1. Includes funds from nonprofit institutions and from the rest of the world.

2. Includes funds from nonprofit institutions.

3. Includes FFRDC's administered by consortia of public and private universities and colleges.

4. Nonprofit institutions are divided into four subgroups: Private universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by nonprofit institutions, and other nonprofit institutions.

5. Includes R&D performed at Federal universities and colleges.

NOTE.—This table shows R&D expenditures and the breakdown of expenditures by private organizations and government organizations. Within the "private" and "government" categories, lines preceded by the word "by" are "performers." Within "performer" categories, lines preceded by the word "from" are "sources."

FFRDC Federally funded research and development center

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4