Table 2.2.—Domestically Funded Research and Development Expenditures by Source of Funds, Showing Performer

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992
Domestically funded research and development expenditures, total	13,788	20,375	26,813	38,312	68,658	119,316	132,922	141,607	150,382	161,659	172,314	179,573
Private expenditures/1/	4,693	6,831	10,991	18,315	36,045	64,184	70,627	77,395	85,393	94,940	105,672	112,840
From industry	4,552	6,575	10,581	17,672	35,015	62,447	68,536	75,039	82,727	91,978	102,420	109,356
To industry	4,465	6,473	10,425	15,975	31,293	57,839	62,033	67,322	74,293	82,444	91,321	97,296
To State and local universities and colleges	23	23	37	73	157	372	507	570	663	752	811	874
To private universities and colleges	16	17	27	47	102	230	303	335	370	400	424	453
To other private nonprofit institutions/2/	48	62	92	123	198	356	467	517	587	655	717	752
To foreign affiliates	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	1,454	3,265	3,650	5,226	6,295	6,814	7,727	9,147	9,981
From private universities and colleges	17	37	63	83	173	297	374	414	464	523	591	631
To private universities and colleges	17	37	63	83	173	297	374	414	464	523	591	631
From other	124	219	347	560	857	1,440	1,717	1,942	2,202	2,439	2,661	2,853
To State and local universities and colleges	19	44	85	140	249	440	513	581	657	729	803	871
To private universities and colleges	34	51	85	138	172	261	342	392	447	498	534	563
To other private nonprofit institutions	66	120	157	249	374	635	776	882	1,001	1,107	1,207	1,295
To State and local governments	2	2	4	10	15	12	13	13	17	18	19	20
To FFRDC's	3	2	16	23	47	92	73	74	80	87	98	104
Government expenditures	9,095	13,544	15,822	19,997	32,613	55,132	62,295	64,212	64,989	66,719	66,642	66,733
From Federal	8,930	13,258	15,295	19,088	31,022	52,435	58,746	60,294	60,671	61,978	61,542	61,463
To industry	6,137	7,406	7,420	8,114	13,155	25,748	28,766	28,153	26,273	25,690	23,898	22,105
To Federal Government	1,746	3,149	4,170	5,616	8,098	12,513	13,334	14,005	14,818	15,542	15,856	16,340
To State and local governments	26	38	82	131	157	175	140	192	234	245	255	267
To State and local universities and colleges	167	545	893	1,405	2,475	3,517	4,242	4,752	5,230	5,666	6,129	6,707
To private universities and colleges	261	558	788	1,030	1,803	2,537	3,093	3,383	3,635	3,882	4,083	4,386
To FFRDC's	433	1,195	1,473	2,041	4,064	6,145	7,241	7,696	7,982	8,336	8,569	8,622
To other private nonprofit institutions	107	335	421	687	1,062	1,569	1,624	1,681	1,849	2,133	2,403	2,752
To foreign	53	32	48	64	208	231	306	432	650	484	349	284
From State and local/3/	165	286	527	909	1,591	2,697	3,549	3,918	4,318	4,741	5,100	5,270
To industry	4	4	13	35	59	76	99	115	113	112	109	107
To State and local governments	26	47	90	156	274	426	557	611	615	646	672	704
To State and local universities and colleges	126	222	396	669	1,195	2,103	2,758	3,034	3,423	3,811	4,143	4,288
To private universities and colleges	7	11	24	35	46	73	100	115	128	137	141	136
To other private nonprofit institutions	2	2	4	14	17	19	35	43	39	35	35	35
Addenda:
Total domestic performers	13,735	20,343	26,765	36,794	65,185	115,435	127,390	134,880	142,918	153,448	162,818	169,308
Total foreign performers	53	32	48	1,518	3,473	3,881	5,532	6,727	7,464	8,211	9,496	10,265
Final expenditures	9,183	13,768	16,184	20,576	33,435	56,638	64,080	66,136	67,005	69,197	69,545	69,933
Intermediate expenditures	4,552	6,575	10,581	16,218	31,750	58,797	63,310	68,744	75,913	84,251	93,273	99,375
Gross domestic product	513,400	702,700	1,010,700	1,585,900	2,708,000	4,038,700	4,539,900	4,900,400	5,250,800	5,546,100	5,724,800	6,020,200
Final expenditures as a percent of gross domestic product	1.79	1.96	1.60	1.30	1.23	1.40	1.41	1.35	1.28	1.25	1.21	1.16
Intermediate expenditures as a percent of gross domestic product	0.89	0.94	1.05	1.02	1.17	1.46	1.39	1.40	1.45	1.52	1.63	1.65

n.a. Not available.

1. Includes funds from the rest of world.

2. Nonprofit institutions are divided into four subgroups: Private universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by nonprofit institutions, and other nonprofit institutions.

3. Includes State and local universities and colleges.

NOTE.—This table shows R&D expenditures and the breakdown of expenditures by private organizations and government organizations. Within the "private" and "government" categories, lines preceded by the word "from" are "sources." Within "source" categories, lines preceded by the word "to" are "performers."

FFRDC Federally funded research and development center

Table 2.1

Table 2.3

Table 2.4