Table 2.3.—Research and Development Expenditures by Type, Showing Performer

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992
Research and development expenditures, total	13,735	20,343	26,765	36,794	65,185	115,435	127,390	134,880	142,918	153,448	162,818	169,308
Private	11,440	16,026	20,715	28,160	51,587	94,146	103,336	109,042	115,098	123,782	131,774	136,922
Industry	10,606	13,883	17,858	24,124	44,507	83,663	90,898	95,590	100,679	108,246	115,328	119,508
Private universities and colleges	335	674	987	1,333	2,296	3,398	4,212	4,639	5,044	5,440	5,773	6,169
FFRDC's not administered by governments	276	950	1,196	1,630	3,133	4,506	5,324	5,690	5,899	6,166	6,311	6,411
Other nonprofit institutions/1/	223	519	674	1,073	1,651	2,579	2,902	3,123	3,476	3,930	4,362	4,834
Government	2,295	4,317	6,050	8,634	13,598	21,289	24,054	25,838	27,820	29,666	31,044	32,386
Federal Government	1,746	3,149	4,170	5,616	8,098	12,513	13,334	14,005	14,818	15,542	15,856	16,340
State and local governments (excluding universities and colleges)	54	87	176	297	446	613	710	816	866	909	946	991
State and local universities and colleges	335	834	1,411	2,287	4,076	6,432	8,020	8,937	9,973	10,958	11,886	12,740
FFRDC's administered by governments	160	247	293	434	978	1,731	1,990	2,080	2,163	2,257	2,356	2,315
Basic research	1,221	2,540	3,532	4,908	8,685	14,309	18,064	18,914	21,673	24,671	28,346	29,308
Private	768	1,458	1,810	2,442	4,333	7,414	9,843	10,061	12,042	14,254	17,104	17,287
Industry	380	565	574	698	1,244	2,777	4,231	3,922	5,346	6,928	9,290	9,000
Private universities and colleges	255	577	840	1,091	1,723	2,589	3,147	3,198	3,444	3,712	3,952	4,212
FFRDC's not administered by governments	57	160	209	359	828	1,098	1,319	1,644	1,777	1,948	2,013	2,025
Other nonprofit institutions	76	156	187	294	538	950	1,146	1,297	1,475	1,666	1,849	2,050
Government	453	1,082	1,722	2,466	4,352	6,895	8,221	8,853	9,631	10,417	11,242	12,021
Federal Government	193	386	568	757	1,232	1,860	2,021	2,081	2,238	2,386	2,491	2,600
State and local governments	14	30	44	73	89	93	88	96	110	119	127	137
State and local universities and colleges	202	581	1,003	1,442	2,535	4,089	5,142	5,644	6,203	6,772	7,395	8,077
FFRDC's administered by governments	44	85	107	194	496	853	970	1,032	1,080	1,140	1,229	1,207
Applied research	2,966	4,333	5,882	8,368	14,305	25,892	28,467	30,139	32,930	36,054	39,896	40,205
Private	2,282	3,105	4,045	5,515	10,052	20,394	22,266	23,437	25,612	28,248	31,406	31,210
Industry	2,048	2,626	3,380	4,555	8,419	17,903	19,344	20,337	22,233	24,589	27,562	27,005
Private universities and colleges	67	79	117	207	435	623	823	1,117	1,249	1,343	1,427	1,543
FFRDC's not administered by governments	83	205	287	328	592	1,029	1,085	852	894	917	864	941
Other nonprofit institutions	84	195	261	425	606	839	1,014	1,131	1,236	1,399	1,553	1,721
Government	684	1,228	1,837	2,853	4,253	5,498	6,201	6,702	7,318	7,806	8,490	8,995
Federal Government	491	903	1,339	1,885	2,646	3,022	3,238	3,339	3,514	3,658	4,064	4,392
State and local governments	27	38	86	156	259	396	491	558	583	609	631	657
State and local universities and colleges	112	207	326	723	1,170	1,804	2,224	2,553	2,943	3,254	3,520	3,676
FFRDC's administered by governments	54	80	86	89	178	276	248	252	278	285	275	270
Development	9,548	13,470	17,351	23,518	42,195	75,234	80,859	85,827	88,315	92,723	94,576	99,795
Private	8,390	11,463	14,860	20,203	37,202	66,338	71,227	75,544	77,444	81,280	83,264	88,425
Industry	8,178	10,692	13,904	18,871	34,844	62,983	67,323	71,331	73,100	76,729	78,476	83,503
Private universities and colleges	13	18	30	35	138	186	242	324	351	385	394	414
FFRDC's not administered by governments	136	585	700	943	1,713	2,379	2,920	3,194	3,228	3,301	3,434	3,445
Other nonprofit institutions	63	168	226	354	507	790	742	695	765	865	960	1,063
Government	1,158	2,007	2,491	3,315	4,993	8,896	9,632	10,283	10,871	11,443	11,312	11,370
Federal Government	1,062	1,860	2,263	2,974	4,220	7,631	8,075	8,585	9,066	9,498	9,301	9,348
State and local governments	13	19	46	68	98	124	131	162	173	181	188	197
State and local universities and colleges	21	46	82	122	371	539	654	740	827	932	971	987
FFRDC's administered by governments	62	82	100	151	304	602	772	796	805	832	852	838

1. Nonprofit institutions are divided into four subgroups: Private universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by universities and colleges, FFRDC's administered by nonprofit institutions, and other nonprofit institutions.

FFRDC Federally funded research and development center

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.4