Table B.—Selected Summary Measures

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992
	Current-dollar measures
R&D performed (percent of expenditures):
Industry	77.2	68.2	66.7	65.6	68.3	72.5	71.4	70.9	70.4	70.5	70.8	70.6
Federal Government	12.7	15.4	15.6	15.3	12.4	10.8	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.1	9.7	9.7
Universities and colleges	4.9	7.4	9.0	9.8	9.8	8.5	9.6	10.1	10.5	10.7	10.8	11.2
Other	5.2	9.0	8.7	9.3	9.5	8.2	8.5	8.6	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.5
R&D funded (percent of expenditures):
Industry	33.1	32.3	39.5	44.1	48.7	50.9	49.7	51.0	53.1	54.9	57.3	58.7
Federal Government	64.6	65.0	57.3	51.7	47.3	45.2	45.9	44.4	42.0	40.1	37.6	36.1
Universities and colleges	.5	.6	.9	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1
Other	1.8	2.1	2.3	3.0	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.1
R&D by type (percent of expenditures):
Basic	8.9	12.5	13.2	13.3	13.3	12.4	14.2	14.0	15.2	16.1	17.4	17.3
Applied	21.6	21.3	22.0	22.7	21.9	22.4	22.3	22.3	23.0	23.5	24.5	23.8
Development	69.5	66.2	64.8	63.9	64.7	65.2	63.5	63.6	61.8	60.4	58.1	58.9
R&D funding as a percent of GDP:
Government and nonprofit institutions	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
Industry	.9	.9	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7
	Constant-cost measures
R&D net fixed intangible capital as a percent of government and business net fixed reproducible tangible capital/1/	5.8	7.5	8.4	8.0	7.4	7.7	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.4	8.5	8.7
Average age, in years, of R&D gross fixed intangible capital	6.5	6.6	7.2	8.3	8.9	8.8	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.2
Private	5.9	6.3	7.1	8.3	9.0	8.7	8.4	8.3	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.1
Government	7.9	7.7	7.4	8.1	8.8	9.1	9.1	9.0	9.0	8.9	8.8	8.8
	Indexes, 1960=100
R&D expenditures (constant dollars)	100	132	136	131	161	219	229	234	237	245	252	254
R&D net fixed intangible capital (constant cost)	100	155	209	233	247	287	313	327	340	352	365	378

1. Business fixed reproducible tangible capital includes capital owned by nonprofit institutions.

R&D Research and development