Table 5.—Bias in GDP and Its Components: Current Quarterly Compared to Latest Estimates, 1983-97

[Percentage points]

Current-dollar estimates Real estimates
Advance Preliminary Final Advance Preliminary Final
Gross domestic product-0.36-0.21-0.26-0.17-0.09-0.13
Personal consumption expenditures-0.57-0.41-0.49-0.27-0.12-0.20
Durable goods-0.89-0.78-0.80-0.49-0.35-0.35
Nondurable goods-0.80-0.44-0.52-0.73-0.38-0.47
Services-0.33-0.25-0.35-0.000.05-0.04
Gross private domestic investment1.561.031.461.941.402.02
Fixed investment0.320.861.101.191.561.99
Nonresidential0.371.221.621.452.172.74
Structures0.240.500.240.470.380.27
Equipment0.161.422.141.282.483.31
Residential0.260.140.060.37-0.21-0.12
Change in business inventories/1/
Net exports of goods and services/1/
Exports-2.79-1.23-0.72-2.25-0.98-0.63
Imports-0.87-0.170.450.291.321.84
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment/2/-0.140.14-0.02-0.30-0.13-0.27
Federal0.070.580.140.180.660.03
Defense0.050.090.06-1.47-1.67-1.78
Nondefense5.507.495.634.465.883.87
State and local-0.19-0.08-0.07-0.92-0.75-0.75

1. Negative values in some quarters make the calculation of percent changes impossible.

2. Prior to the fourth quarter of 1995, this component was defined as "government purchases" and thus excluded consumption of fixed capital.

DCSIMG