EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EST, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2009
Lisa Mataloni: (202) 606-5304 (GDP) BEA 09-05
Recorded message: (202) 606-5306
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FOURTH QUARTER 2008 (PRELIMINARY)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- decreased at an annual rate of 6.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008,
(that is, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter), according to preliminary estimates released by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP decreased 0.5 percent.
The GDP estimates released today are based on more complete source data than were available for
the advance estimates issued last month. In the advance estimates, the decrease in real GDP was 3.8
percent (see "Revisions" on page 3).
The decrease in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected negative contributions from
exports, personal consumption expenditures, equipment and software, and residential fixed investment
that were partly offset by a positive contribution from federal government spending. Imports, which are
a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.
Most of the major components contributed to the much larger decrease in real GDP in the fourth
quarter than in the third. The largest contributors were a downturn in exports and a much larger
decrease in equipment and software. The most notable offset was a much larger decrease in imports.
Final sales of computers subtracted 0.01 percentage point from the fourth-quarter change in real
GDP, the same contribution as in the third quarter. Motor vehicle output subtracted 2.04 percentage
points from the fourth-quarter change in real GDP after adding 0.16 percentage point to the third-quarter
change.
_________________________________________
FOOTNOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual
rates, unless otherwise specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are
differences between these published estimates. Percent changes are calculated
from unrounded data and are annualized. �Real� estimates are in chained
(2000) dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA�s Web site along with the Technical Note and Highlights
related to this release.
__________________________________________
The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
decreased 4.1 percent in the fourth quarter, 0.5 percentage point less of a decrease than in the advance
estimate; this index increased 4.5 percent in the third quarter. Excluding food and energy prices, the
price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of 2.8 percent in the third.
Real personal consumption expenditures decreased 4.3 percent in the fourth quarter, compared
with a decrease of 3.8 percent in the third. Real nonresidential fixed investment decreased 21.1 percent,
compared with a decrease of 1.7 percent. Nonresidential structures decreased 5.9 percent, in contrast to
an increase of 9.7 percent. Equipment and software decreased 28.8 percent, compared with a decrease
of 7.5 percent. Real residential fixed investment decreased 22.2 percent, compared with a decrease of
16.0 percent.
Real exports of goods and services decreased 23.6 percent in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an
increase of 3.0 percent in the third. Real imports of goods and services decreased 16.0 percent,
compared with a decrease of 3.5 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 6.7 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 13.8 percent in the third. National defense increased
3.1 percent, compared with an increase of 18.0 percent. Nondefense increased 15.1 percent, compared
with an increase of 5.1 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment decreased 1.4 percent, in contrast to an increase of 1.3 percent.
The real change in private inventories added 0.16 percentage point to the fourth-quarter change in
real GDP, after adding 0.84 percentage point to the third-quarter change. Private businesses decreased
inventories $19.9 billion in the fourth quarter, following a decrease of $29.6 billion in the third quarter
and a decrease of $50.6 billion in the second.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- decreased 6.4
percent in the fourth quarter, compared with a decrease of 1.3 percent in the third.
Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- decreased 5.6 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with a decrease of 1.5 percent in the
third.
Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- decreased
5.8 percent, or $212.5 billion, in the fourth quarter to a level of $14,200.3 billion. In the third quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 3.4 percent, or $118.3 billion.
Revisions
The preliminary estimate of the fourth-quarter change in real GDP is 2.4 percentage points, or
$74.4 billion, lower than the advance estimate issued last month. The downward revision to the percent
change in real GDP was widespread; the largest contributors were downward revisions to private
inventory investment, to exports, and to personal consumption expenditures for nondurable goods.
Advance Preliminary
(Percent change from preceding quarter)
Real GDP........................................ -3.8 -6.2
Current-dollar GDP.............................. -4.1 -5.8
Gross domestic purchases price index............ -4.6 -4.1
2008 GDP
Real GDP increased 1.1 percent in 2008 (that is, from the 2007 annual level to the 2008 annual
level), compared with an increase of 2.0 percent in 2007.
The major contributors to the increase in real GDP in 2008 were exports, personal consumption
expenditures (PCE) for services, federal government spending, nonresidential structures, and state and
local government spending. These were partly offset by negative contributions from residential fixed
investment, PCE for goods, private inventory investment, and equipment and software. Imports, which
are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.
The slowdown in real GDP in 2008 primarily reflected a sharp deceleration in PCE, a downturn in
equipment and software, and decelerations in exports and in state and local government spending that
were partly offset by a sharp downturn in imports, an acceleration in federal government spending, and a
smaller decrease in private inventory investment.
The price index for gross domestic purchases increased 3.2 percent in 2008, compared with an
increase of 2.8 percent in 2007.
Current-dollar GDP increased 3.3 percent, or $457.0 billion, in 2008. Current-dollar GDP
increased 4.8 percent, or $629.2 billion, in 2007.
During 2008 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter 2008), real
GDP decreased 0.8 percent. Real GDP increased 2.3 percent during 2007. The price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 2.0 percent during 2008, compared with an increase of 3.3 percent during
2007.
* * *
BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting
the site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.
* * *
Next release -- March 26, 2009, at 8:30 A.M. EDT for:
Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter 2008 (Final)
Corporate Profits: Fourth Quarter 2008
Table 1.--Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
[Quarters seasonally adjusted at annual rates]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r I 05 II 05 III 05 IV 05 I 06 II 06 III 06 IV 06 I 07 II 07 III 07 IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08r IV 08r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product (GDP). 2.8 2.0 1.1 3.0 2.6 3.8 1.3 4.8 2.7 .8 1.5 .1 4.8 4.8 -.2 .9 2.8 -.5 -6.2
Personal consumption expenditures... 3.0 2.8 .2 1.7 3.6 3.7 1.4 4.3 2.8 2.2 3.7 3.9 2.0 2.0 1.0 .9 1.2 -3.8 -4.3
Durable goods..................... 4.5 4.8 -4.3 .6 12.1 5.4 -11.7 18.9 1.8 3.5 4.2 9.2 5.0 2.3 .4 -4.3 -2.8 -14.8 -22.1
Nondurable goods.................. 3.7 2.5 -.6 2.4 4.2 3.0 4.7 4.4 3.1 2.3 3.1 3.5 1.9 1.2 .3 -.4 3.9 -7.1 -9.2
Services.......................... 2.5 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.5 1.6 2.8 2.0 3.9 3.1 1.4 2.4 1.4 2.4 .7 -.1 1.4
Gross private domestic investment... 2.1 -5.4 -6.5 9.1 -5.1 4.0 12.2 6.2 -.4 -5.3 -15.0 -9.6 6.2 3.5 -11.9 -5.8 -11.5 .4 -20.8
Fixed investment.................. 1.9 -3.1 -4.9 5.3 7.6 5.3 2.3 8.3 -2.5 -4.8 -7.6 -3.4 3.0 -.9 -6.2 -5.6 -1.7 -5.3 -21.3
Nonresidential.................. 7.5 4.9 1.7 3.7 6.3 6.1 3.7 15.9 6.4 5.3 -1.0 3.4 10.3 8.7 3.4 2.4 2.5 -1.7 -21.1
Structures.................... 8.2 12.7 11.5 7.5 -1.3 -9.2 1.9 15.6 19.7 14.3 2.5 11.2 18.3 20.5 8.5 8.6 18.5 9.7 -5.9
Equipment and software........ 7.2 1.7 -3.0 2.3 9.2 12.2 4.4 16.3 1.7 2.0 -2.4 .0 6.9 3.6 1.0 -.6 -5.0 -7.5 -28.8
Residential..................... -7.1 -17.9 -20.7 8.1 9.7 4.0 .2 -3.6 -16.6 -21.4 -19.5 -16.2 -11.5 -20.6 -27.0 -25.1 -13.3 -16.0 -22.2
Change in private inventories..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Net exports of goods and services... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports........................... 9.1 8.4 6.2 8.1 8.8 .4 10.9 16.7 5.5 3.5 15.6 .6 8.8 23.0 4.4 5.1 12.3 3.0 -23.6
Goods........................... 9.9 7.5 5.8 7.1 14.5 -.8 13.2 18.1 6.7 3.6 10.4 2.1 6.9 21.8 5.1 4.5 16.3 3.7 -33.6
Services........................ 7.2 10.5 6.9 10.2 -2.8 3.2 5.7 13.4 2.7 3.2 28.6 -2.7 13.3 25.9 2.7 6.4 3.8 1.4 3.5
Imports........................... 6.0 2.2 -3.3 3.2 .6 .8 15.3 10.3 .1 3.1 2.0 7.7 -3.7 3.0 -2.3 -.8 -7.3 -3.5 -16.0
Goods........................... 6.0 1.7 -4.1 5.0 .7 1.1 17.0 9.0 .5 3.8 -.8 8.4 -4.0 2.4 -2.6 -2.0 -7.1 -4.7 -19.4
Services........................ 6.0 4.4 .8 -5.7 .0 -1.0 6.8 17.7 -2.0 -.3 18.4 4.2 -2.0 6.3 -.9 5.5 -8.0 3.3 2.7
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment............... 1.7 2.1 2.9 -.2 .9 3.4 -1.7 3.9 1.2 1.7 1.6 .9 3.9 3.8 .8 1.9 3.9 5.8 1.6
Federal........................... 2.3 1.6 6.0 1.1 1.1 9.7 -7.2 10.0 -1.5 1.9 1.8 -3.6 6.7 7.2 -.5 5.8 6.6 13.8 6.7
National defense................ 1.6 2.5 7.2 3.1 4.0 12.3 -14.2 8.8 1.9 -.9 7.0 -5.9 8.5 10.2 -.9 7.3 7.3 18.0 3.1
Nondefense...................... 3.6 -.2 3.6 -2.7 -4.5 4.4 8.9 12.4 -8.1 7.7 -8.1 1.2 3.1 1.2 .4 2.9 5.0 5.1 15.1
State and local................... 1.3 2.3 1.2 -1.0 .8 -.1 1.6 .5 2.9 1.6 1.5 3.6 2.4 1.9 1.6 -.3 2.5 1.3 -1.4
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product... 2.8 2.4 1.4 2.3 4.8 4.1 -.3 5.1 2.3 .9 2.9 1.1 4.3 4.0 .8 .9 4.4 -1.3 -6.4
Gross domestic purchases.......... 2.6 1.4 -.2 2.5 1.7 3.7 2.5 4.5 2.0 .9 .2 1.2 2.9 2.6 -1.0 .1 -.1 -1.5 -5.6
Final sales to domestic
purchasers....................... 2.6 1.8 .0 1.9 3.7 3.9 1.0 4.8 1.6 1.0 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.9 -.1 .1 1.3 -2.3 -5.7
Gross national product (GNP)...... 2.6 2.2 ..... 4.7 2.2 4.1 .4 4.9 2.8 .2 2.0 -.3 4.4 6.3 1.3 .1 2.1 -.2 .....
Disposable personal income........ 3.5 2.8 1.3 -4.7 2.5 -1.3 7.5 5.1 1.3 2.3 5.8 4.4 -.6 3.1 .6 -.7 10.7 -8.5 3.4
Current-dollar measures:
GDP............................. 6.1 4.8 3.3 7.1 4.8 8.1 5.1 8.6 5.5 3.6 3.7 4.3 6.9 6.3 2.3 3.5 4.1 3.4 -5.8
Final sales of domestic product. 6.1 5.2 3.6 6.5 7.0 8.4 3.5 8.8 5.1 3.7 5.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 3.6 3.6 5.6 2.6 -6.2
Gross domestic purchases........ 6.1 4.2 2.9 6.3 4.8 9.1 6.5 7.5 5.7 3.8 .7 5.0 6.4 4.9 2.6 3.5 4.3 2.9 -9.4
Final sales to domestic
purchasers..................... 6.1 4.6 3.2 5.7 6.9 9.4 5.0 7.8 5.3 3.9 2.1 5.9 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.7 5.7 2.2 -9.8
GNP............................. 5.9 4.9 ..... 8.8 4.4 8.4 4.2 8.7 5.6 3.0 4.1 4.0 6.4 7.9 3.9 2.6 3.4 3.7 .....
Disposable personal income...... 6.4 5.5 4.7 -2.4 5.1 3.4 11.1 6.9 4.6 5.4 5.3 7.9 3.0 5.7 4.9 2.9 15.4 -3.9 -1.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the
incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third
quarter of 2008.
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 2.--Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
[Quarters seasonally adjusted at annual rates]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r I 05 II 05 III 05 IV 05 I 06 II 06 III 06 IV 06 I 07 II 07 III 07 IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product.......... 2.8 2.0 1.1 3.0 2.6 3.8 1.3 4.8 2.7 .8 1.5 .1 4.8 4.8 -.2 .9 2.8 -.5 -6.2
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures. 2.13 1.95 .16 1.25 2.50 2.59 .94 2.86 1.88 1.52 2.55 2.71 1.42 1.44 .67 .61 .87 -2.75 -3.01
Durable goods................... .36 .38 -.33 .04 .95 .44 -1.02 1.37 .14 .27 .33 .71 .40 .19 .03 -.33 -.21 -1.16 -1.67
Motor vehicles and parts...... -.09 .07 -.42 -.32 .53 .15 -1.59 .53 .06 .06 .01 .30 .05 -.22 -.03 -.35 -.64 -.83 -1.13
Furniture and household
equipment.................... .35 .24 .10 .26 .29 .37 .41 .55 .15 .20 .23 .34 .17 .26 .11 .05 .39 -.25 -.25
Other......................... .10 .08 -.01 .11 .13 -.08 .17 .29 -.06 .00 .09 .07 .17 .15 -.06 -.04 .04 -.08 -.30
Nondurable goods................ .74 .50 -.13 .49 .83 .59 .93 .85 .62 .46 .62 .71 .40 .25 .05 -.08 .80 -1.57 -1.95
Food.......................... .38 .18 -.02 .32 .29 .45 .37 .50 .43 .10 .20 .12 .27 .03 .27 .13 .40 -.75 -1.53
Clothing and shoes............ .16 .13 .01 .15 .27 .00 .35 .18 .02 .14 .12 .25 .08 .12 -.09 .08 .28 -.38 -.25
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other
energy goods................. -.05 .02 -.14 -.09 .09 .02 -.04 -.17 -.11 .03 .03 .13 -.07 -.01 -.05 -.18 -.20 -.45 .28
Other......................... .25 .17 .02 .12 .17 .11 .25 .33 .27 .19 .26 .22 .12 .11 -.08 -.10 .33 .01 -.44
Services........................ 1.02 1.07 .61 .72 .72 1.55 1.02 .64 1.12 .79 1.61 1.29 .62 1.00 .59 1.02 .28 -.03 .61
Housing....................... .34 .16 .10 .34 .36 .39 .35 .37 .31 .25 .22 .12 .09 .08 .12 .05 .18 .08 .04
Household operation........... -.02 .07 -.01 .01 .02 .15 -.01 -.42 .26 .10 .03 .08 .02 .06 .09 .07 -.17 -.33 .27
Electricity and gas......... -.05 .03 -.04 .03 .00 .12 -.04 -.42 .20 .05 -.01 .07 -.04 .02 .01 .11 -.19 -.38 .21
Other household operation... .03 .04 .03 -.02 .01 .04 .03 .01 .06 .05 .04 .00 .06 .04 .08 -.05 .02 .05 .05
Transportation................ .05 .05 -.02 .02 .02 .02 .01 .08 .08 .03 .10 .03 .04 .06 -.02 .04 -.08 -.06 -.15
Medical care.................. .31 .35 .42 .31 .37 .48 .39 .37 .15 .07 .35 .63 .13 .45 .48 .59 .35 .31 .23
Recreation.................... .09 .13 -.02 .08 .02 .04 .04 .08 .04 .18 .36 .06 .08 .07 -.01 -.14 .04 -.04 .01
Other......................... .24 .31 .15 -.03 -.08 .46 .24 .16 .27 .15 .55 .37 .27 .28 -.08 .40 -.03 .02 .21
Gross private domestic investment. .35 -.90 -.99 1.48 -.86 .69 1.98 1.15 -.02 -.92 -2.68 -1.63 .94 .54 -1.93 -.89 -1.74 .06 -3.11
Fixed investment................ .32 -.50 -.75 .85 1.21 .88 .41 1.39 -.40 -.81 -1.27 -.57 .47 -.15 -.97 -.86 -.25 -.79 -3.26
Nonresidential................ .77 .52 .18 .37 .64 .64 .40 1.62 .71 .59 -.09 .33 1.07 .91 .36 .26 .27 -.19 -2.48
Structures.................. .23 .40 .40 .19 -.04 -.26 .05 .42 .54 .42 .08 .35 .57 .65 .29 .30 .64 .36 -.24
Equipment and software...... .54 .13 -.22 .18 .68 .90 .35 1.20 .16 .17 -.18 -.02 .50 .26 .07 -.04 -.37 -.55 -2.24
Information processing
equipment and software... .32 .34 .17 .23 .31 .36 .33 .61 .15 .34 .04 .57 .41 .31 .37 .27 .30 -.16 -.97
Computers and peripheral
equipment.............. .15 .11 .05 -.06 .12 .09 .22 .16 .17 .13 .02 .17 .09 .12 .12 .10 .08 -.16 -.26
Software................ .06 .15 .07 .07 .16 .04 .10 .03 .02 .07 .14 .21 .22 .10 .16 .16 .04 -.08 -.29
Other................... .11 .08 .05 .22 .03 .23 .02 .41 -.04 .14 -.11 .19 .09 .09 .10 .00 .18 .08 -.42
Industrial equipment...... .07 .02 -.06 .12 -.04 .19 .19 -.07 .25 -.12 -.02 -.10 .34 -.04 -.20 .01 -.05 -.12 -.21
Transportation equipment.. .09 -.17 -.32 -.20 .24 .31 -.24 .52 -.25 .06 -.15 -.21 -.32 -.07 -.18 -.16 -.58 -.47 -.76
Other equipment........... .05 -.07 -.02 .04 .17 .04 .07 .15 .02 -.12 -.05 -.28 .07 .06 .08 -.16 -.04 .20 -.31
Residential................... -.45 -1.02 -.93 .48 .57 .25 .01 -.23 -1.11 -1.40 -1.18 -.91 -.60 -1.06 -1.33 -1.12 -.52 -.60 -.78
Change in private inventories... .03 -.40 -.24 .63 -2.07 -.19 1.56 -.24 .38 -.11 -1.41 -1.06 .47 .69 -.96 -.02 -1.50 .84 .16
Farm.......................... -.03 .04 .02 -.22 .14 .19 -.15 .02 -.24 .00 .12 -.07 .14 -.08 .47 -.17 -.14 .01 .05
Nonfarm....................... .06 -.44 -.26 .85 -2.20 -.39 1.71 -.26 .62 -.12 -1.52 -.99 .33 .77 -1.43 .15 -1.36 .83 .10
Net exports of goods and services. -.02 .58 1.38 .28 .79 -.07 -1.26 .09 .59 -.12 1.33 -1.20 1.66 2.03 .94 .77 2.93 1.05 -.46
Exports......................... .96 .95 .76 .80 .89 .04 1.09 1.70 .58 .39 1.66 .06 1.01 2.54 .53 .63 1.54 .40 -3.44
Goods......................... .73 .59 .49 .49 .98 -.06 .91 1.27 .49 .28 .78 .15 .55 1.66 .43 .39 1.39 .34 -3.58
Services...................... .23 .36 .26 .31 -.09 .10 .18 .42 .09 .11 .87 -.09 .46 .88 .10 .24 .15 .06 .14
Imports......................... -.98 -.37 .62 -.52 -.10 -.11 -2.35 -1.61 .01 -.51 -.33 -1.25 .65 -.51 .40 .14 1.39 .65 2.99
Goods......................... -.82 -.25 .64 -.67 -.10 -.14 -2.18 -1.18 -.04 -.51 .13 -1.14 .59 -.34 .38 .29 1.14 .74 3.06
Services...................... -.16 -.12 -.02 .15 .00 .03 -.17 -.43 .05 .01 -.46 -.11 .06 -.17 .02 -.15 .25 -.09 -.08
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment............. .32 .40 .57 -.04 .17 .65 -.34 .72 .23 .32 .30 .17 .77 .75 .16 .38 .78 1.14 .32
Federal......................... .16 .11 .43 .08 .08 .66 -.53 .66 -.11 .13 .12 -.26 .47 .51 -.04 .41 .47 .97 .50
National defense.............. .08 .12 .35 .14 .18 .56 -.73 .39 .09 -.04 .32 -.29 .40 .48 -.04 .34 .36 .85 .16
Consumption expenditures.... .04 .11 .27 .22 .06 .45 -.70 .40 -.02 .00 .14 -.08 .28 .45 -.06 .31 .15 .72 .16
Gross investment............ .04 .01 .08 -.08 .12 .11 -.02 -.01 .11 -.05 .18 -.21 .12 .03 .02 .04 .21 .14 .01
Nondefense.................... .08 .00 .08 -.07 -.11 .10 .20 .27 -.20 .17 -.20 .03 .07 .03 .01 .06 .11 .12 .34
Consumption expenditures..... .05 .00 .06 -.03 -.12 .03 .10 .22 -.14 .15 -.20 .06 .02 .03 -.02 .06 .08 .11 .21
Gross investment............. .03 .00 .02 -.03 .01 .07 .10 .05 -.07 .03 .01 -.04 .05 -.01 .02 .01 .03 .00 .13
State and local................. .16 .28 .14 -.12 .10 -.01 .19 .06 .34 .19 .18 .43 .30 .24 .19 -.03 .31 .17 -.18
Consumption expenditures.... .16 .20 .13 -.13 .02 .06 .09 .23 .16 .24 .23 .20 .17 .15 .15 .14 .12 .11 .00
Gross investment............ .00 .09 .01 .01 .08 -.07 .10 -.18 .18 -.05 -.06 .24 .13 .09 .04 -.18 .19 .06 -.17
Addenda:
Goods........................... 1.67 .97 .31 1.12 1.49 1.68 .65 3.40 1.84 .51 .42 -.80 3.08 2.71 .01 .29 1.49 -1.29 -6.18
Services........................ 1.35 1.61 1.31 1.24 .59 2.23 .52 1.48 1.26 1.29 2.19 1.26 1.61 2.35 .79 1.62 1.02 .87 1.04
Structures...................... -.24 -.55 -.50 .62 .54 -.06 .15 -.07 -.42 -1.00 -1.10 -.41 .09 -.30 -.97 -1.03 .32 -.09 -1.11
Motor vehicle output............ -.03 -.03 -.50 .15 .24 .76 -1.22 .59 -.34 .40 -.65 .10 .13 .47 -.86 -.41 -1.01 .16 -2.04
Final sales of computers........ .15 .13 .12 .06 .22 .07 .21 .16 .15 .04 .20 -.03 .21 .28 .14 .05 .17 -.01 -.01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 3.--Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Billions of current dollars Billions of chained (2000) dollars
------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change from preceding
at annual rates at annual rates period
-------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------
2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r 2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r 2008r III 08 IV 08r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product....... 14,264.6 14,031.2 14,150.8 14,294.5 14,412.8 14,200.3 11,652.7 11,620.7 11,646.0 11,727.4 11,712.4 11,525.0 128.8 -15.0 -187.4
Personal consumption expenditures. 10,056.8 9,892.7 10,002.3 10,138.0 10,163.5 9,923.5 8,272.0 8,298.2 8,316.1 8,341.3 8,260.6 8,169.9 19.2 -80.7 -90.7
Durable goods................... 1,023.2 1,083.0 1,071.0 1,059.3 1,016.2 946.3 1,188.5 1,250.6 1,237.0 1,228.3 1,180.1 1,108.6 -53.9 -48.2 -71.5
Motor vehicles and parts...... 379.9 437.8 424.7 400.6 370.7 323.7 387.2 442.6 430.2 407.2 376.9 334.5 -59.5 -30.3 -42.4
Furniture and household
equipment.................... 411.7 415.3 415.1 423.0 411.2 397.6 614.4 606.6 609.3 629.6 616.2 602.5 20.4 -13.4 -13.7
Other......................... 231.6 229.9 231.3 235.7 234.3 225.0 226.5 230.8 229.4 230.8 228.1 217.6 -1.8 -2.7 -10.5
Nondurable goods................ 2,965.2 2,906.2 2,950.7 3,026.2 3,044.6 2,839.3 2,378.6 2,400.2 2,397.9 2,420.7 2,376.3 2,319.4 -14.0 -44.4 -56.9
Food.......................... 1,399.2 1,359.8 1,380.5 1,416.3 1,418.4 1,381.4 1,109.3 1,118.7 1,122.4 1,133.6 1,112.3 1,068.8 -1.2 -21.3 -43.5
Clothing and shoes............ 373.6 373.2 375.5 382.4 374.4 361.9 414.4 413.2 416.3 427.2 412.2 402.1 1.5 -15.0 -10.1
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other
energy goods................. 412.1 405.3 423.7 441.8 463.6 319.2 189.4 197.0 194.0 190.8 184.1 188.8 -8.7 -6.7 4.7
Other......................... 780.4 767.9 771.1 785.7 788.2 776.8 689.2 687.9 684.8 695.1 695.5 681.3 1.9 .4 -14.2
Services........................ 6,068.4 5,903.5 5,980.6 6,052.5 6,102.7 6,137.9 4,714.0 4,676.1 4,704.3 4,712.1 4,711.3 4,728.1 67.8 -.8 16.8
Housing....................... 1,513.7 1,482.7 1,495.1 1,508.8 1,520.9 1,529.8 1,182.4 1,175.9 1,177.3 1,182.3 1,184.5 1,185.6 10.7 2.2 1.1
Household operation........... 552.7 534.3 541.7 554.5 555.8 558.7 419.8 424.0 425.9 421.3 412.4 419.5 -1.4 -8.9 7.1
Electricity and gas......... 231.8 221.1 228.1 236.3 231.9 230.7 147.7 151.2 154.0 149.6 141.2 145.9 -3.4 -8.4 4.7
Other household operation... 320.9 313.2 313.6 318.1 323.9 328.0 274.1 273.9 272.5 273.2 274.6 276.2 3.2 1.4 1.6
Transportation................ 373.3 362.9 368.8 372.9 376.8 374.5 297.5 299.9 301.2 298.9 297.2 292.9 -1.7 -1.7 -4.3
Medical care.................. 1,779.6 1,721.9 1,746.6 1,769.3 1,792.9 1,809.7 1,373.7 1,344.5 1,360.8 1,370.3 1,378.9 1,385.1 45.9 8.6 6.2
Recreation.................... 413.0 409.7 408.2 412.3 415.8 415.5 332.6 336.3 332.3 333.4 332.1 332.5 -2.4 -1.3 .4
Other......................... 1,436.2 1,392.0 1,420.2 1,434.6 1,440.4 1,449.6 1,106.0 1,093.9 1,105.0 1,104.0 1,104.6 1,110.4 16.1 .6 5.8
Gross private domestic investment. 1,995.7 2,092.3 2,056.1 2,000.9 2,010.9 1,915.1 1,691.9 1,781.3 1,754.7 1,702.0 1,703.7 1,607.3 -117.8 1.7 -96.4
Fixed investment................ 2,041.4 2,113.4 2,081.7 2,077.0 2,060.6 1,946.3 1,719.7 1,788.2 1,762.4 1,754.9 1,731.1 1,630.3 -88.8 -23.8 -100.8
Nonresidential................ 1,553.5 1,542.1 1,553.6 1,571.9 1,581.2 1,507.4 1,406.1 1,414.7 1,423.1 1,431.8 1,425.7 1,343.9 23.2 -6.1 -81.8
Structures.................. 554.7 508.7 522.7 549.8 572.4 573.7 339.6 319.7 326.4 340.5 348.4 343.1 35.0 7.9 -5.3
Equipment and software...... 998.9 1,033.4 1,030.9 1,022.1 1,008.8 933.7 1,046.4 1,090.1 1,088.6 1,074.7 1,054.0 968.2 -32.5 -20.7 -85.8
Information processing
equipment and software... 535.4 532.5 539.6 550.9 544.5 506.6 684.4 677.6 689.6 702.9 695.5 649.7 30.5 -7.4 -45.8
Computers and peripheral
equipment.............. 89.9 95.7 95.8 96.8 89.2 78.0 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Software................ 239.9 235.6 241.8 244.6 242.5 230.7 247.8 245.1 251.0 252.3 249.5 238.4 10.8 -2.8 -11.1
Other................... 205.6 201.2 202.0 209.5 212.9 197.9 226.1 223.5 223.6 230.6 233.6 216.6 8.1 3.0 -17.0
Industrial equipment...... 180.6 179.9 182.0 183.2 182.2 174.8 149.1 153.1 153.4 152.0 148.6 142.4 -6.6 -3.4 -6.2
Transportation equipment.. 112.1 148.4 142.1 121.4 105.5 79.5 99.6 131.9 127.0 108.6 93.6 69.2 -39.8 -15.0 -24.4
Other equipment........... 170.8 172.6 167.3 166.5 176.6 172.7 146.3 151.5 146.5 145.3 151.5 142.0 -2.1 6.2 -9.5
Residential................... 487.9 571.3 528.1 505.0 479.4 439.0 359.6 411.6 383.0 369.6 353.7 332.2 -94.2 -15.9 -21.5
Change in private inventories... -45.6 -21.1 -25.6 -76.0 -49.7 -31.3 -27.6 -8.1 -10.2 -50.6 -29.6 -19.9 -25.1 21.0 9.7
Farm.......................... -2.4 5.7 .2 -4.1 -4.2 -1.7 3.6 10.5 6.0 2.4 2.2 3.6 2.6 -.2 1.4
Nonfarm....................... -43.2 -26.7 -25.8 -71.9 -45.5 -29.6 -32.8 -20.6 -17.9 -55.1 -33.3 -25.0 -29.1 21.8 8.3
Net exports of goods and services. -670.8 -696.7 -705.7 -718.2 -707.7 -551.5 -392.3 -484.5 -462.0 -381.3 -353.1 -372.9 154.2 28.2 -19.8
Exports......................... 1,860.8 1,759.7 1,820.8 1,923.2 1,968.9 1,730.5 1,514.1 1,482.1 1,500.6 1,544.7 1,556.1 1,454.8 88.2 11.4 -101.3
Goods......................... 1,283.1 1,213.7 1,256.9 1,343.7 1,374.3 1,157.5 1,057.0 1,037.0 1,048.6 1,088.9 1,098.7 991.7 58.3 9.8 -107.0
Services...................... 577.7 546.0 563.9 579.5 594.6 573.0 456.6 444.7 451.7 455.8 457.4 461.4 29.7 1.6 4.0
Imports......................... 2,531.6 2,456.5 2,526.5 2,641.4 2,676.6 2,282.0 1,906.4 1,966.5 1,962.6 1,926.0 1,909.1 1,827.6 -66.0 -16.9 -81.5
Goods......................... 2,115.7 2,060.9 2,118.0 2,225.5 2,251.0 1,868.1 1,608.3 1,670.2 1,662.0 1,631.6 1,612.2 1,527.5 -69.4 -19.4 -84.7
Services...................... 416.0 395.6 408.5 415.9 425.6 413.9 298.8 297.8 301.8 295.5 297.9 299.9 2.4 2.4 2.0
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment............. 2,882.8 2,742.9 2,798.1 2,873.7 2,946.1 2,913.2 2,070.6 2,029.4 2,039.1 2,058.9 2,088.1 2,096.3 58.5 29.2 8.2
Federal......................... 1,071.8 998.3 1,026.5 1,056.1 1,098.0 1,106.4 798.1 761.7 772.6 785.0 810.8 824.1 45.2 25.8 13.3
National defense.............. 734.8 679.3 699.9 723.3 759.5 756.6 538.0 509.9 518.9 528.1 550.4 554.7 35.9 22.3 4.3
Consumption expenditures.... 639.7 594.7 613.8 629.0 659.6 656.3 452.5 431.9 439.7 443.4 461.5 465.4 26.7 18.1 3.9
Gross investment............ 95.1 84.6 86.1 94.3 99.9 100.3 88.6 79.9 81.0 87.9 92.6 92.8 10.6 4.7 .2
Nondefense.................... 337.0 319.0 326.6 332.9 338.5 349.9 259.5 251.5 253.2 256.3 259.5 268.8 9.1 3.2 9.3
Consumption expenditures.... 292.3 276.9 284.2 289.2 294.5 301.1 217.9 212.0 213.5 215.6 218.5 224.2 6.2 2.9 5.7
Gross investment............ 44.7 42.1 42.4 43.7 44.0 48.7 42.5 40.2 40.5 41.6 41.8 46.1 3.2 .2 4.3
State and local................. 1,811.0 1,744.6 1,771.6 1,817.6 1,848.1 1,806.8 1,273.5 1,267.5 1,266.7 1,274.4 1,278.7 1,274.2 14.5 4.3 -4.5
Consumption expenditures.... 1,454.3 1,395.2 1,426.3 1,462.7 1,485.7 1,442.7 1,021.2 1,013.9 1,017.6 1,020.6 1,023.4 1,023.3 13.2 2.8 -.1
Gross investment............ 356.7 349.4 345.3 354.9 362.4 364.1 252.2 253.4 249.0 253.7 255.2 250.8 1.3 1.5 -4.4
Residual.......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... -161.4 -171.9 -178.7 -191.6 -162.8 -112.8 ..... ..... .....
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product. 14,310.2 14,052.3 14,176.4 14,370.5 14,462.5 14,231.6 11,679.8 11,628.0 11,653.7 11,778.8 11,739.2 11,547.3 156.4 -39.6 -191.9
Gross domestic purchases........ 14,935.4 14,728.0 14,856.6 15,012.7 15,120.5 14,751.8 12,038.2 12,103.2 12,105.8 12,102.6 12,057.8 11,886.4 -28.6 -44.8 -171.4
Final sales to domestic
purchasers..................... 14,981.0 14,749.0 14,882.2 15,088.7 15,170.2 14,783.0 12,064.7 12,109.8 12,113.3 12,153.0 12,084.1 11,908.3 -1.3 -68.9 -175.8
Gross domestic product.......... 14,264.6 14,031.2 14,150.8 14,294.5 14,412.8 14,200.3 11,652.7 11,620.7 11,646.0 11,727.4 11,712.4 11,525.0 128.8 -15.0 -187.4
Plus: Income receipts from
the rest of the world.......... ..... 907.4 843.2 822.8 815.6 ..... ..... 749.9 690.9 667.2 653.9 ..... ..... -13.3 .....
Less: Income payments to
the rest of the world.......... ..... 742.0 705.1 708.9 688.7 ..... ..... 611.7 575.2 571.6 548.5 ..... ..... -23.1 .....
Equals: Gross national product.. ..... 14,196.6 14,289.0 14,408.3 14,539.6 ..... ..... 11,758.3 11,760.9 11,822.2 11,817.3 ..... ..... -4.9 .....
Net domestic product............ 12,432.4 12,272.6 12,372.9 12,491.3 12,514.8 12,350.6 10,055.8 10,096.1 10,093.2 10,151.2 10,062.4 9,916.4 29.9 -88.8 -146.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
Note.--Users are cautioned that particularly for components that
exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the
economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure
the component's relative importance or its contribution to the
growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of
the contributions to percent changes in real GDP, use table 2.
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 4.--Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
[Quarters seasonally adjusted at annual rates]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r I 05 II 05 III 05 IV 05 I 06 II 06 III 06 IV 06 I 07 II 07 III 07 IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product (GDP). 3.2 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.2 4.1 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.6 1.1 3.9 .5
Personal consumption expenditures... 2.8 2.6 3.3 2.5 2.5 4.7 3.3 1.8 3.3 3.1 -.5 3.4 3.6 2.5 4.3 3.6 4.3 5.0 -5.0
Durable goods..................... -1.3 -1.8 -1.2 .4 -.9 -3.1 -.9 -.9 -.8 -1.3 -2.7 -1.8 -1.6 -1.9 -1.6 -.1 -1.6 -.6 -3.5
Nondurable goods.................. 3.0 3.0 5.3 1.5 2.0 11.2 2.3 .3 4.9 4.4 -6.2 5.1 6.4 2.9 8.4 6.7 6.5 10.3 -16.7
Services.......................... 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 4.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.8 4.2 3.4 .9
Gross private domestic investment... 4.2 1.4 .6 4.7 4.0 5.0 5.4 5.2 3.5 1.6 3.3 1.6 -.3 -.3 1.3 -.5 .4 2.0 3.7
Fixed investment.................. 4.2 1.4 .6 4.7 4.2 5.3 5.7 5.0 3.4 1.5 3.2 1.6 -.2 -.4 1.2 -.2 .8 2.3 1.2
Nonresidential.................. 3.3 1.4 1.6 4.4 2.7 2.0 4.4 4.3 3.3 1.7 2.9 1.3 .3 -.6 1.7 .6 2.3 4.2 4.6
Structures.................... 12.3 3.8 3.6 11.9 10.1 14.8 17.0 14.1 12.0 4.6 6.7 3.4 .7 .5 4.5 2.7 3.3 7.1 7.3
Equipment and software........ .1 .3 .7 1.8 .1 -2.3 .2 .7 -.1 .5 1.2 .4 .1 -1.2 .4 -.4 1.7 2.6 3.1
Residential..................... 5.9 1.5 -2.4 5.2 6.8 11.0 7.8 6.4 3.7 1.2 3.9 2.2 -1.3 .3 .0 -2.6 -3.5 -3.3 -9.6
Change in private inventories..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Net exports of goods and services... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports........................... 3.5 3.5 5.4 4.6 3.5 2.5 3.2 2.9 5.8 4.7 -.8 3.6 5.3 3.5 6.2 9.1 10.8 6.7 -21.9
Goods........................... 3.3 3.5 5.4 4.3 3.0 1.3 2.2 3.0 6.2 5.2 .0 3.3 5.1 2.8 6.0 10.0 12.3 5.6 -24.2
Services........................ 3.8 3.5 5.3 5.2 4.6 5.3 5.5 2.7 4.9 3.7 -2.6 4.3 5.9 5.2 6.6 6.9 7.5 9.3 -16.7
Imports........................... 4.3 3.7 10.4 2.3 9.7 10.3 4.5 -1.1 10.3 5.0 -9.1 .9 12.8 7.4 12.8 12.8 28.8 9.2 -37.1
Goods........................... 4.2 3.6 11.1 2.1 10.0 10.8 5.0 -2.0 10.4 5.4 -10.1 .8 13.0 7.7 14.5 13.8 31.2 9.8 -41.1
Services........................ 4.8 3.7 7.2 3.5 7.9 7.8 2.0 4.1 9.9 3.2 -3.8 1.1 11.7 6.1 4.5 7.8 16.8 6.2 -12.9
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment............... 4.7 4.5 4.7 7.7 4.1 7.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 3.3 2.3 6.4 5.2 3.4 5.1 6.2 7.0 4.4 -5.9
Federal........................... 4.1 3.4 3.2 11.8 1.7 3.1 .8 10.2 4.1 1.2 .9 7.6 3.7 .9 2.3 5.6 5.1 2.7 -3.4
National defense................ 4.5 3.5 3.6 12.6 1.8 3.2 1.3 10.9 4.4 1.5 .7 7.0 4.3 1.6 3.1 5.1 6.3 3.1 -4.5
Nondefense...................... 3.4 3.1 2.6 10.2 1.6 3.0 -.1 8.9 3.5 .5 1.2 8.8 2.6 -.5 .5 6.8 2.8 1.9 -.9
State and local................... 5.1 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.6 9.4 7.3 2.0 5.4 4.6 3.2 5.7 6.1 4.9 6.8 6.6 8.1 5.5 -7.3
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product... 3.2 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.8 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.2 4.1 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.7 1.2 4.0 .2
Gross domestic purchases.......... 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.1 5.2 3.9 2.9 3.6 2.9 .6 3.6 3.3 2.2 4.0 3.5 4.2 4.5 -4.1
Final sales to domestic
purchasers....................... 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.1 5.2 4.0 2.8 3.6 2.9 .6 3.7 3.3 2.2 4.0 3.5 4.3 4.5 -4.4
Gross national product (GNP)...... 3.2 2.7 ..... 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.2 4.1 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.6 1.1 3.9 .....
Implicit price deflators:
GDP............................. 3.2 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.8 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.2 4.2 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.6 1.3 3.9 .5
Gross domestic purchases........ 3.4 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.1 5.2 4.0 2.9 3.6 2.9 .6 3.7 3.3 2.2 3.7 3.4 4.4 4.4 -4.1
GNP............................. 3.2 2.7 ..... 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.8 3.6 2.7 2.8 2.1 4.2 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.3 3.9 .....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 5.--Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonally adjusted
---------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product............. 115.054 117.388 118.699 118.374 118.631 119.460 119.308 117.399
Personal consumption expenditures.......... 119.135 122.456 122.741 123.130 123.395 123.770 122.572 121.226
Durable goods............................ 137.274 143.908 137.665 144.856 143.284 142.273 136.695 128.407
Nondurable goods......................... 119.930 122.872 122.153 123.261 123.147 124.317 122.035 119.112
Services................................. 115.298 118.259 119.984 119.020 119.739 119.937 119.916 120.343
Gross private domestic investment.......... 110.200 104.278 97.492 102.639 101.110 98.071 98.169 92.617
Fixed investment......................... 111.109 107.717 102.424 106.503 104.969 104.522 103.102 97.102
Nonresidential......................... 106.987 112.244 114.126 114.819 115.504 116.212 115.714 109.074
Structures........................... 86.318 97.264 108.437 102.076 104.206 108.716 111.257 109.567
Equipment and software............... 115.467 117.412 113.877 118.636 118.470 116.961 114.709 105.368
Residential............................ 123.728 101.534 80.469 92.110 85.698 82.692 79.154 74.331
Change in private inventories............ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports of goods and services.............. 119.937 130.068 138.108 135.189 136.880 140.908 141.943 132.701
Imports of goods and services.............. 130.815 133.654 129.178 133.254 132.991 130.509 129.367 123.844
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment.......................... 114.497 116.871 120.272 117.879 118.443 119.594 121.288 121.762
Federal.................................. 128.019 130.078 137.893 131.610 133.488 135.628 140.080 142.378
State and local.......................... 107.642 110.167 111.436 110.914 110.844 111.517 111.891 111.493
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.......... 115.254 118.062 119.664 119.133 119.397 120.679 120.273 118.307
Gross domestic purchases................. 116.748 118.343 118.062 118.700 118.726 118.694 118.255 116.574
Final sales to domestic purchasers....... 116.948 118.995 118.981 119.427 119.461 119.853 119.173 117.439
Gross national product................... 115.284 117.795 ..... 119.302 119.329 119.950 119.901 .....
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 6.--Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonally adjusted
---------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product............. 116.676 119.819 122.495 120.826 121.613 121.951 123.134 123.284
Personal consumption expenditures
(PCE)..................................... 114.675 117.659 121.585 119.221 120.283 121.544 123.041 121.470
Durable goods............................ 88.772 87.154 86.071 86.598 86.581 86.237 86.110 85.357
Nondurable goods......................... 114.984 118.407 124.659 121.092 123.059 125.021 128.129 122.425
Services................................. 120.752 124.712 128.736 126.253 127.133 128.450 129.538 129.824
Gross private domestic investment.......... 116.102 117.735 118.459 117.960 117.815 117.926 118.510 119.588
Fixed investment......................... 116.380 117.995 118.723 118.189 118.117 118.353 119.037 119.384
Nonresidential......................... 107.277 108.739 110.512 109.015 109.177 109.788 110.913 112.171
Structures........................... 151.822 157.662 163.288 159.138 160.182 161.496 164.285 167.188
Equipment and software............... 94.594 94.870 95.487 94.798 94.700 95.101 95.710 96.439
Residential............................ 136.897 138.884 135.571 138.803 137.900 136.687 135.535 132.161
Change in private inventories............ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports of goods and services.............. 112.618 116.586 122.891 118.794 121.397 124.560 126.592 119.013
Imports of goods and services.............. 115.932 120.168 132.724 124.907 128.722 137.136 140.189 124.851
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment.......................... 127.239 132.941 139.230 135.174 137.237 139.588 141.107 138.986
Federal.................................. 125.806 130.076 134.289 131.070 132.879 134.553 135.447 134.277
State and local.......................... 128.109 134.671 142.213 137.649 139.866 142.632 144.540 141.813
Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy............ 112.129 114.548 117.031 115.512 116.158 116.782 117.481 117.704
Market-based PCE\1\...................... 113.167 115.893 119.759 117.371 118.452 119.719 121.348 119.519
Market-based PCE excluding food
and energy\1\........................... 109.715 111.700 113.819 112.439 113.021 113.522 114.228 114.505
Final sales of domestic product.......... 116.710 119.853 122.529 120.856 121.653 122.008 123.204 123.252
Gross domestic purchases................. 117.066 120.294 124.143 121.766 122.821 124.103 125.475 124.174
Final sales to domestic purchasers....... 117.101 120.329 124.178 121.798 122.863 124.160 125.543 124.146
Gross national product................... 116.673 119.815 ..... 120.822 121.601 121.938 123.117 .....
Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product................. 116.676 119.816 122.415 120.743 121.508 121.890 123.056 123.213
Final sales of domestic product........ 116.709 119.853 122.522 120.849 121.647 122.002 123.198 123.246
Gross domestic purchases............... 117.066 120.292 124.067 121.687 122.722 124.045 125.400 124.106
Final sales to domestic purchasers..... 117.101 120.329 124.173 121.794 122.858 124.156 125.538 124.141
Gross national product................. 116.672 119.813 ..... 120.737 121.495 121.876 123.037 .....
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household
expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It
excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished
without payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of
nonprofit institutions. Percentage changes for these series are
included in the addenda to table 8 and in appendix table A.
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Table 7.--Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product (GDP).... 2.7 4.0 2.5 3.7 4.5 4.2 4.5 3.7 .8 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.1
Personal consumption expenditures...... 3.3 3.7 2.7 3.4 3.8 5.0 5.1 4.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 .2
Durable goods........................ 7.8 8.4 4.4 7.8 8.6 11.3 11.7 7.3 4.3 7.1 5.8 6.3 4.6 4.5 4.8 -4.3
Nondurable goods..................... 2.7 3.5 2.2 2.6 2.7 4.0 4.6 3.8 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.7 2.5 -.6
Services............................. 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.5 2.4 1.9 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.5
Gross private domestic investment...... 8.9 13.6 3.1 8.9 12.4 9.8 7.8 5.7 -7.9 -2.6 3.6 9.7 5.8 2.1 -5.4 -6.5
Fixed investment..................... 8.6 9.3 6.5 9.0 9.2 10.2 8.3 6.5 -3.0 -5.2 3.4 7.3 6.8 1.9 -3.1 -4.9
Nonresidential..................... 8.7 9.2 10.5 9.3 12.1 11.1 9.2 8.7 -4.2 -9.2 1.0 5.8 7.2 7.5 4.9 1.7
Structures....................... -.7 1.8 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.1 -.4 6.8 -2.3 -17.1 -4.1 1.3 1.3 8.2 12.7 11.5
Equipment and software........... 12.5 11.9 12.0 10.6 13.8 13.3 12.7 9.4 -4.9 -6.2 2.8 7.4 9.3 7.2 1.7 -3.0
Residential........................ 8.2 9.6 -3.2 8.0 1.9 7.6 6.0 .8 .4 4.8 8.4 10.0 6.3 -7.1 -17.9 -20.7
Change in private inventories........ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Net exports of goods and services...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports.............................. 3.2 8.7 10.1 8.4 11.9 2.4 4.3 8.7 -5.4 -2.3 1.3 9.7 7.0 9.1 8.4 6.2
Goods.............................. 3.3 9.7 11.7 8.8 14.3 2.2 3.8 11.2 -6.1 -4.0 1.8 9.0 7.7 9.9 7.5 5.8
Services........................... 3.2 6.3 6.3 7.2 5.9 2.9 5.6 2.9 -3.7 1.9 .0 11.5 5.6 7.2 10.5 6.9
Imports.............................. 8.8 11.9 8.0 8.7 13.6 11.6 11.5 13.1 -2.7 3.4 4.1 11.3 5.9 6.0 2.2 -3.3
Goods.............................. 10.1 13.3 9.0 9.3 14.4 11.7 12.4 13.5 -3.2 3.7 4.9 11.3 6.8 6.0 1.7 -4.1
Services........................... 2.9 5.7 3.3 5.5 9.4 11.4 6.9 11.1 -.3 2.1 .0 11.5 1.4 6.0 4.4 .8
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment.................. -.9 .0 .5 1.0 1.9 1.9 3.9 2.1 3.4 4.4 2.5 1.4 .4 1.7 2.1 2.9
Federal.............................. -4.2 -3.7 -2.7 -1.2 -1.0 -1.1 2.2 .9 3.9 7.0 6.8 4.2 1.2 2.3 1.6 6.0
National defense................... -5.6 -4.9 -3.8 -1.4 -2.8 -2.1 1.9 -.5 3.9 7.4 8.7 5.8 1.5 1.6 2.5 7.2
Nondefense......................... -.7 -1.2 -.4 -.7 2.6 .7 2.8 3.5 3.9 6.3 3.4 1.1 .6 3.6 -.2 3.6
State and local...................... 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.6 3.6 4.7 2.7 3.2 3.1 .2 -.2 -.1 1.3 2.3 1.2
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product...... 2.6 3.4 3.0 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 3.8 1.6 1.2 2.5 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.4 1.4
Gross domestic purchases............. 3.2 4.4 2.4 3.8 4.8 5.3 5.3 4.4 .9 2.2 2.8 4.1 3.0 2.6 1.4 -.2
Final sales to domestic purchasers... 3.2 3.8 2.8 3.8 4.3 5.3 5.4 4.5 1.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 3.1 2.6 1.8 .0
Gross national product............... 2.7 3.9 2.6 3.7 4.4 4.0 4.6 3.7 .8 1.5 2.7 3.8 3.0 2.6 2.2 .....
Real disposable personal income...... 1.0 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.5 5.8 3.0 4.8 1.9 3.1 2.2 3.6 1.4 3.5 2.8 1.3
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases........... 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.4 .6 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.3 3.1 3.7 3.4 2.8 3.2
Gross domestic purchases excluding
food and energy................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.2
GDP................................ 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.2
GDP excluding food and energy...... 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.0
Personal consumption expenditures.. 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.7 .9 1.7 2.5 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the
incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third
quarter of 2008.
Table 8.--Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I 05 II 05 III 05 IV 05 I 06 II 06 III 06 IV 06 I 07 II 07 III 07 IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08r IV 08r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product (GDP).... 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.8 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.1 .7 -.8
Personal consumption expenditures
(PCE)................................. 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.6 3.2 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.2 1.5 1.3 -.2 -1.5
Durable goods........................ 4.3 6.8 6.2 1.2 5.5 3.0 2.5 6.9 4.6 5.4 5.1 4.2 .8 -1.1 -5.5 -11.4
Nondurable goods..................... 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.4 1.7 .7 1.2 -.9 -3.4
Services............................. 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.1
Gross private domestic investment...... 10.9 4.4 3.5 4.8 4.1 5.4 3.0 -3.9 -7.7 -6.2 -4.1 -3.3 -2.3 -6.6 -7.3 -9.8
Fixed investment..................... 8.7 7.3 6.4 5.1 5.8 3.3 .7 -1.8 -4.6 -3.3 -2.3 -1.9 -2.5 -3.6 -4.7 -8.8
Nonresidential..................... 9.2 8.1 6.6 4.9 7.9 7.9 7.7 6.5 3.5 4.4 5.3 6.4 6.2 4.2 1.6 -5.0
Structures....................... 4.2 2.3 -1.0 -.5 1.4 6.4 12.7 12.8 11.7 11.4 12.9 14.5 13.9 13.9 11.3 7.3
Equipment and software........... 11.0 10.2 9.4 7.0 10.5 8.5 5.9 4.2 .3 1.6 2.0 2.8 2.7 -.3 -3.1 -11.2
Residential........................ 7.7 6.1 6.0 5.4 2.5 -4.3 -10.8 -15.5 -18.5 -17.3 -17.0 -19.0 -21.3 -21.7 -20.6 -19.3
Change in private inventories........ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Net exports of goods and services...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Exports.............................. 6.9 7.5 6.8 7.0 9.0 8.2 9.0 10.1 6.1 7.0 11.7 8.9 10.1 11.0 6.1 -1.8
Goods.............................. 6.9 8.7 6.8 8.3 11.0 9.0 10.2 9.5 5.6 5.7 10.0 8.7 9.4 11.7 7.3 -4.4
Services........................... 6.9 4.8 6.6 4.0 4.7 6.2 6.2 11.5 7.3 10.0 15.6 9.3 11.7 9.3 3.5 3.7
Imports.............................. 9.1 5.5 4.5 4.8 6.6 6.5 7.1 3.8 3.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 -1.0 -1.9 -3.5 -7.1
Goods.............................. 10.2 6.3 5.2 5.8 6.8 6.7 7.4 3.1 2.9 1.7 1.4 .9 -1.6 -2.4 -4.1 -8.5
Services........................... 3.7 1.5 .8 -.1 5.6 5.1 5.3 8.0 4.8 4.8 6.5 1.8 2.2 .6 -.2 .7
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment.................. .2 .1 .6 .6 1.6 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.3
Federal.............................. 1.2 .9 1.7 1.0 3.1 2.5 .6 2.9 -.4 1.6 2.9 2.3 4.8 4.7 6.3 8.2
National defense................... 1.3 1.8 2.1 .8 2.2 1.7 -1.5 4.1 .4 2.0 4.7 2.7 6.2 5.9 7.7 8.8
Nondefense......................... 1.0 -.9 .8 1.4 5.1 4.1 4.9 .5 -2.1 .8 -.8 1.5 1.9 2.3 3.3 6.9
State and local...................... -.4 -.3 -.1 .3 .7 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 .5
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product...... 2.8 3.4 3.5 2.7 3.4 2.8 2.0 2.8 1.8 2.3 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.2 -.7
Gross domestic purchases............. 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.2 2.4 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.1 .4 -.6 -1.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers... 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.6 3.4 2.8 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.1 .8 -.2 -1.7
Gross national product............... 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.1 2.5 1.2 1.6 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.4 .8 .....
Real disposable personal income...... 1.9 1.9 .9 .9 3.4 3.1 4.0 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.1 1.8 .6 3.3 .3 1.0
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases........... 3.6 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 4.1 2.0
Gross domestic purchases excluding
food and energy................... 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1
GDP................................ 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.6 2.0
GDP excluding food and energy...... 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.7
PCE................................ 2.8 2.5 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.3 1.9
PCE excluding food and energy...... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.9
Market-based PCE\1\................ 2.5 2.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.7 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.0 3.3 3.4 3.6 4.5 1.8
Market-based PCE excluding food
and energy\1\..................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the
incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third
quarter of 2008.
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household
expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It
excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished
without payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of
nonprofit institutions.
Table 9.--Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
---------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08r IV 08r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product..................... 13,178.4 13,807.5 14,264.6 14,031.2 14,150.8 14,294.5 14,412.8 14,200.3
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the
world..................................... 725.4 861.7 ..... 907.4 843.2 822.8 815.6 .....
Less: Income payments to the rest of the
world..................................... 647.1 759.3 ..... 742.0 705.1 708.9 688.7 .....
Equals: Gross national product............. 13,256.6 13,910.0 ..... 14,196.6 14,289.0 14,408.3 14,539.6 .....
Less: Consumption of fixed capital......... 1,623.9 1,720.5 1,832.2 1,758.6 1,778.0 1,803.1 1,898.1 1,849.8
Less: Statistical discrepancy.............. -163.0 -81.4 ..... 13.9 63.4 136.6 150.2 .....
Equals: National income.................... 11,795.7 12,270.9 ..... 12,424.1 12,447.6 12,468.6 12,491.4 .....
Compensation of employees................ 7,433.8 7,812.3 8,055.8 7,941.0 8,009.7 8,033.5 8,092.9 8,087.0
Wage and salary accruals............... 6,028.5 6,355.7 6,550.8 6,465.5 6,518.0 6,531.3 6,581.8 6,572.1
Supplements to wages and salaries...... 1,405.3 1,456.6 1,505.0 1,475.5 1,491.7 1,502.2 1,511.1 1,514.8
Proprietors' income with inventory
valuation and capital consumption
adjustments............................. 1,014.7 1,056.2 1,072.7 1,073.8 1,071.7 1,076.9 1,080.5 1,061.5
Rental income of persons with capital
consumption adjustment.................. 44.3 40.0 63.8 38.6 39.1 58.6 68.5 89.1
Corporate profits with inventory
valuation and capital consumption
adjustments............................. 1,668.5 1,642.4 ..... 1,611.1 1,593.5 1,533.3 1,514.8 .....
Net interest and miscellaneous payments.. 631.2 664.4 677.3 688.1 662.3 683.4 656.6 707.0
Taxes on production and imports less
subsidies............................... 926.4 963.2 987.1 975.3 975.1 988.5 993.8 990.8
Business current transfer payments....... 85.4 100.2 103.4 103.1 103.2 102.1 92.1 116.2
Current surplus of government
enterprises............................. -8.6 -7.9 -8.1 -6.7 -7.1 -7.7 -8.0 -9.5
Addendum:
Gross domestic income.................... 13,341.4 13,889.0 ..... 14,017.4 14,087.4 14,157.8 14,262.6 .....
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the
incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third
quarter of 2008.
Table 10.--Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
---------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08r IV 08r
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personal income\1\......................... 10,993.9 11,663.2 12,106.9 11,872.1 11,960.5 12,152.2 12,170.4 12,144.4
Compensation of employees, received...... 7,432.6 7,818.6 8,055.8 7,941.0 8,009.7 8,033.5 8,092.9 8,087.0
Wage and salary disbursements.......... 6,027.2 6,362.0 6,550.8 6,465.5 6,518.0 6,531.3 6,581.8 6,572.1
Supplements to wages and salaries...... 1,405.3 1,456.6 1,505.0 1,475.5 1,491.7 1,502.2 1,511.1 1,514.8
Proprietors' income with inventory
valuation and capital consumption
adjustments............................. 1,014.7 1,056.2 1,072.7 1,073.8 1,071.7 1,076.9 1,080.5 1,061.5
Farm................................... 16.2 44.0 34.5 47.1 41.6 38.0 32.4 26.2
Nonfarm................................ 998.6 1,012.2 1,038.1 1,026.7 1,030.1 1,039.0 1,048.2 1,035.3
Rental income of persons with capital
consumption adjustment.................. 44.3 40.0 63.8 38.6 39.1 58.6 68.5 89.1
Personal income receipts on assets....... 1,824.8 2,000.1 2,040.4 2,056.2 2,054.1 2,052.3 2,055.7 1,999.6
Personal interest income............... 1,125.4 1,214.3 1,206.3 1,242.7 1,224.6 1,208.7 1,217.4 1,174.5
Personal dividend income............... 699.4 785.8 834.1 813.5 829.5 843.6 838.3 825.1
Personal current transfer receipts....... 1,603.0 1,713.3 1,870.2 1,737.8 1,778.1 1,926.3 1,872.7 1,903.9
Less: Contributions for government
social insurance........................ 925.5 965.1 996.1 975.3 992.2 995.4 1,000.0 996.7
Less: Personal current taxes............... 1,353.2 1,492.8 1,461.1 1,520.5 1,535.0 1,346.1 1,470.7 1,492.4
Equals: Disposable personal income......... 9,640.7 10,170.5 10,645.8 10,351.5 10,425.5 10,806.0 10,699.7 10,652.0
Less: Personal outlays..................... 9,570.0 10,113.1 10,452.9 10,309.2 10,404.9 10,538.2 10,559.9 10,308.7
Equals: Personal saving.................... 70.7 57.4 192.9 42.4 20.6 267.9 139.8 343.2
Personal saving as a percentage of
disposable personal income.............. .7 .6 1.8 .4 .2 2.5 1.3 3.2
Addendum:
Disposable personal income, billions of
chained (2000) dollars\2\............... 8,407.0 8,644.0 8,756.4 8,683.1 8,667.9 8,891.0 8,696.4 8,769.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the
incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third
quarter of 2008.
1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate
profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments,
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, contributions for
government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments,
business current transfer payments, current surplus of government
enterprises, and wage accruals less disbursements, plus personal
income receipts on assets, and personal current transfer receipts.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price
deflator for personal consumption expenditures.
Appendix Table A.--Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
[Quarters seasonally adjusted at annual rates]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2007 2008r I 05 II 05 III 05 IV 05 I 06 II 06 III 06 IV 06 I 07 II 07 III 07 IV 07 I 08 II 08 III 08 IV 08r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross domestic product (GDP) and
related aggregates:
GDP............................... 2.8 2.0 1.1 3.0 2.6 3.8 1.3 4.8 2.7 .8 1.5 .1 4.8 4.8 -.2 .9 2.8 -.5 -6.2
Goods............................. 5.4 3.1 1.0 3.6 4.7 5.3 2.0 11.1 5.9 1.5 1.3 -2.5 10.3 9.0 .0 .9 4.9 -4.2 -19.2
Services.......................... 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.1 1.0 3.9 .9 2.6 2.3 2.3 3.8 2.1 2.7 4.0 1.3 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.7
Structures........................ -2.2 -5.0 -5.0 6.0 5.1 -.6 1.3 -.8 -3.8 -8.8 -9.8 -3.9 .8 -2.9 -9.3 -10.1 3.3 -1.0 -11.4
Motor vehicle output.............. -.9 -1.1 -17.8 4.6 7.1 24.6 -31.0 20.2 -10.1 13.7 -19.0 3.8 4.6 17.3 -25.7 -14.2 -33.8 7.3 -63.5
GDP excuding motor vehicle
output........................... 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.9 2.5 3.2 2.6 4.3 3.1 .4 2.2 -.1 4.8 4.4 .7 1.3 4.0 -.7 -4.4
Final sales of computers\1\....... 25.0 21.3 18.7 8.5 38.5 11.5 37.2 27.8 25.2 7.0 34.2 -5.0 37.2 52.6 23.7 8.2 28.4 -1.7 -2.2
GDP excluding final sales of
computers........................ 2.6 1.9 1.0 2.9 2.4 3.8 1.1 4.7 2.5 .8 1.3 .1 4.6 4.5 -.3 .8 2.7 -.5 -6.3
Farm gross value added\2\......... -6.9 9.7 -1.9 -1.9 27.7 3.1 -26.8 -22.3 3.1 6.9 30.4 12.5 -6.1 8.6 8.2 -15.5 -10.7 7.1 25.5
Nonfarm business gross value
added\3\......................... 3.2 2.0 .8 3.7 2.9 4.8 1.3 6.0 2.9 .3 1.4 -.9 5.8 5.5 -.7 .9 2.8 -1.9 -8.7
Price indexes:
GDP............................... 3.2 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.2 4.1 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.6 1.1 3.9 .5
GDP excluding food and energy..... 3.2 2.5 2.0 3.9 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.6 2.6 3.2 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.5 3.0 .4
GDP excluding final sales of
computers........................ 3.4 2.8 2.4 4.2 2.3 4.2 3.9 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.3 4.2 2.1 1.7 3.0 2.7 1.2 4.1 .6
Gross domestic purchases.......... 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.1 5.2 3.9 2.9 3.6 2.9 .6 3.6 3.3 2.2 4.0 3.5 4.2 4.5 -4.1
Gross domestic purchases excluding
food and energy.................. 3.1 2.4 2.2 3.9 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.9 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.8 1.1
Gross domestic purchases excluding
final sales of computers to
domestic purchasers.............. 3.6 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.3 5.4 4.1 3.0 3.8 3.1 .7 3.8 3.5 2.4 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.7 -4.0
Personal consumption expenditures
(PCE)............................ 2.8 2.6 3.3 2.5 2.5 4.7 3.3 1.8 3.3 3.1 -.5 3.4 3.6 2.5 4.3 3.6 4.3 5.0 -5.0
Personal consumption expenditures
excluding food and energy........ 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 .8
Market-based PCE\4\............... 2.6 2.4 3.3 2.2 2.2 4.9 3.2 1.4 3.1 3.1 -1.1 3.5 3.5 2.0 4.4 3.7 4.3 5.6 -5.9
Market-based PCE excluding food
and energy\4\.................... 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.8 2.6 2.1 1.5 2.3 1.2 1.4 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r Revised
1. Some components of final sales of computers include
computer parts.
2. Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
3. Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of
households and institutions, and of general government.
4. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household
expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It
excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished
without payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of
nonprofit institutions.
See "Explanatory Note" at the end of the tables.
Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced in
the economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity and
price components. Quantities, or "real" measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2000 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates
weights from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a
Fisher formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2006-07
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2006 and 2007 as weights, and the 2006-07 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2006 and 2007 as weights. These annual changes are
"chained" (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the
current-dollar value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD
are very close to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in this
release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8,
and Appendix Table A. Contributions by major components to changes in real GDP are presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2000) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2000 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in
2000 and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2001, then the chained (2000) dollar
value of this component in 2001 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a "residual" line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: "Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes," November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.