Glossary

A foreign business enterprise in which there is U.S. direct investment–that is, in which a U.S. person, or entity, owns or controls 10 percent or more of the voting securities of an incorporated foreign business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated foreign business enterprise.

Ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one foreign person, or entity, of 10 percent or more of the voting securities of an incorporated U.S. business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated U.S. business enterprise.

The first person, or entity, outside the United States in a U.S. affiliate's ownership chain that has a direct investment interest in the affiliate.

Consists of the foreign parent and the ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) of a U.S. affiliate and other foreign companies affiliated with the foreign parent and ultimate beneficial owner. More specifically, the foreign parent group consists of (1) the foreign parent, (2) any foreign person, or entity, proceeding up the foreign parent's ownership chain, that owns or controls more than 50 percent of the person below it, up to and including the ultimate beneficial owner, and (3) any foreign person, or entity, proceeding down the ownership chain(s) of each of these members, that is owned more than 50 percent by the person above it.

Individuals, governments, business enterprises, trusts, associations, and nonprofit organizations that fulfill two criteria: (1) They have their center of economic interest outside the United States, and (2) they reside, or expect to reside, outside the United States for one year or more. Included in this definition are U.S. individuals living abroad for one year or more who are not employed by the U.S. government, foreigners residing in the United States for less than one year, and foreign affiliates of U.S. companies. In addition, foreign nationals employed in the United States by their home governments, foreign students enrolled at U.S. educational institutions, and international institutions located in the United States are also considered foreign residents.